![]() The number of teeth present and the location and number of teeth having identifiable periapical lesions were recorded for each patient. The images were examined in a room with controllable ambient lighting, using a computer with Planmeca Romexis software. The method of viewing the radiographies was standard. Three trained and experienced dental hygienists performed the panoramic radiography using a Planmeca ProMax 3D. The periapical status was assessed using digital panoramic radiography. The study was approved by the Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics (number 1-10-72-128-12). The examination was carried out with the understanding and written consent of each patient and according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on either biopsy and/or clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonic findings. 15 Regardless of etiology and severity, all adult patients with an established diagnosis of cirrhosis who were able to give consent and to cooperate in a clinical and radiographic dental examination, and who had two or more teeth, were invited to participate. The patient cohort was partly the same as previously presented using other data. The participating cirrhosis patients were consecutively recruited at the Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, which has a large local catchment population and also receives referred patients. The study was conducted at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, between April 2013 and December 2015. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the predictors of periapical radiolucency and to examine the association between periapical radiolucency and systemic inflammation status and cirrhosis-related complications in a cohort of patients with cirrhosis. 13, 14 However, it remains unknown whether this is also true for cirrhosis patients. 11, 12 Periapical radiolucency due to apical periodontitis may contribute to this problem as it has been reported that apical periodontitis can precipitate a systemic inflammation activation in both healthy persons and patients with a variety of diseases. ![]() Infection as a complication of cirrhosis is a frequent cause of increased morbidity and mortality. 5, 9, 10 It is thus unknown whether alcoholic cirrhosis and decompensation of the cirrhosis disease are associated with periapical radiolucency as some of these patients are generally more likely to have poor oral care habits and dental caries. 3Īlthough recent studies of cirrhosis patients have provided evidence for poor oral health and increased prevalence of periodontal diseases, 4– 7 which may accelerate the progression of the liver disease, 8 the prevalence of periapical radiolucency in these patients has so far been subjected to only a few studies. 1, 2 Clinical signs and symptoms such as pain, tenderness, and swelling may occur in varying degrees, depending on the diagnosis. Periapical radiolucency is the descriptive term for radiographic changes which are most often due to apical periodontitis and radicular cysts, that is, inflammatory bone lesions around the apex of the tooth which develop if bacteria are spread from the oral cavity through a caries-affected tooth with necrotic dental pulp. ![]()
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